Difference Between Client , Purchasing Org , Plant , Company code

What is the technical difference between Client , Purchasing Org , Plant , Company code?

Client : Unit within SAP system, self-contained, separate master data with independent set of tables. It represent corporate group.

Company Code : Smallest organisational unit of external account for which a complete, self-contained bookkeeping system can be replicated. eg, company within a corporate group.

Plant : An organisational unit within logistics, subdivides an enterprise from the viewpoint of production, procurement and materials planning.

Purchasing Org : Organisation within logistics which subdivides an enterprise according to purchasing requirements.

The procurement business process uses this organisational structure:

Client--->Company Code--->Plant--->Storage Location--->Purchasing Org/ Purchasing group

The standard procedure for creating a new plant in SAP:

SPRO -> Enterprise Structure -> Logistics - General -> Define, copy, delete, check plant

Planning File: Consistency Check

Since the entries in the planning file are permanent, they must be examined regularly for their MRP relevancy. If, for example, a plant is excluded from material requirements planning at some point, its materials will still be contained in the planning file. The same applies to materials which are later excluded from MRP. The entries in the planning file are no longer needed and should be deleted. To do this, proceed as follows:

1. Starting from the menu screen of material requirements planning , select Planning file entry
® Batch consistcy chck.

The initial screen for batch request appears.

2. Here, by using a selection variant, you can either plan the consistency check of the planning file entries to take place at a later date or you can or start the process immediately. Please refer to ABAP/4: Generating and Printing Reports for more detailed information on the background request procedure.

Once the consistency check has started, the system checks each entry for the following information:

• Does the material still exist, that is, does a material master record still exist for the material?
• Is material requirements planning activated for the plant?
• Does the material have a valid MRP type in the material master record?
• Does the low-level code still match the one in the material master record?

If one of these criteria no longer applies, the respective entry is deleted from the planning file.

If the low-level code no longer corresponds to the one in the material master record, the entry is deleted from the planning file and a new one is created with the current low-level code.

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• Planning File: Consistency Check
• Creating Entries in the Planning File Automaticall...
• Creating Entries in the Planning File Manually
• Setting up Planning File Entries
• Creating Entries in the Planning File
• Displaying Entries in the Planning File
• Maintaining the Planning File Overview

Creating Entries in the Planning File Automatically

Setting up planning file entries and creating them manually are exceptions. Planning file entries are usually made automatically by the system for all materials that have undergone a change relevant to MRP since the last planning run. The following are examples of activities which lead to a material being marked for planning:

• Changes to stock which affect the material's stock/requirements situation.

goods receipt posting with no reference to a purchase order or goods issue posting.

• Creating purchase requisitions, purchase orders, planned orders, sales requirements, forecast requirements, dependent requirements or reservations (referred to as "objects" below).

• Changes to these objects' fields which are relevant to MRP or changes to the material master record.

• Deleting these objects.

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• Planning File: Consistency Check
• Creating Entries in the Planning File Automaticall...
• Creating Entries in the Planning File Manually
• Setting up Planning File Entries
• Creating Entries in the Planning File
• Displaying Entries in the Planning File
• Maintaining the Planning File Overview

Creating Entries in the Planning File Manually

Planning file entries are usually carried out automatically by the system. In some exceptional cases, however, you may find it necessary to make an entry in the planning file manually. To do this, proceed as follows:

1. Starting from the menu screen of material requirements planning, select Planning file entry
® Create.

The screen for creating a planning file entry now appears.

2. Enter the material number and the plant.

You can also manually set the total change indicator, the net change planning indicator as well as the reset indicator and the BOM explosion indicator.

3. Press
ENTER.

The system checks the relevancy of the entered material for MRP. If the entry is to be included in the planning file, the following message appears:

The material was marked for MRP.

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• Planning File: Consistency Check
• Creating Entries in the Planning File Automaticall...
• Creating Entries in the Planning File Manually
• Setting up Planning File Entries
• Creating Entries in the Planning File
• Displaying Entries in the Planning File
• Maintaining the Planning File Overview

Setting up Planning File Entries

If material requirements planning is activated for a plant, it is necessary to generate an entry in the planning file for all materials relevant to MRP in this plant. You can only carry out this function in background mode. To do this, proceed as follows:

1. Starting from the menu screen of material requirements planning, select Planning file entry
® Bckgrnd processing.

The initial screen for the background processing now appears.

2. Here, by using a selection variant, you can either plan the creation of a planning file entry to take place at a later date or you can or start the process immediately.

Please refer to ABAP/4: Generating and Printing Reports for more detailed information on the background processing procedure.

Once you have started the process, the system checks each material in this plant to see whether it is relevant for MRP. If a material fulfills the prerequisites which were mentioned above, it is included in the planning file, and both the total change indicator and the net change planning indicator are set.

These materials are then included in the following MRP run.

• 
  
• Planning File: Consistency Check
• Creating Entries in the Planning File Automaticall...
• Creating Entries in the Planning File Manually
• Setting up Planning File Entries
• Creating Entries in the Planning File
• Displaying Entries in the Planning File
• Maintaining the Planning File Overview

Creating Entries in the Planning File

There are three different ways of making an entry in the planning file:

• 
  
Setting up Planning File Entries

• 
  
Creating Entries in the Planning File Manually

• 
  
Creating Entries in the Planning File Automatically

• 
  
• Planning File: Consistency Check
• Creating Entries in the Planning File Automaticall...
• Creating Entries in the Planning File Manually
• Setting up Planning File Entries
• Creating Entries in the Planning File
• Displaying Entries in the Planning File
• Maintaining the Planning File Overview

Displaying Entries in the Planning File

If you want to display the entries in a planning file for a plant, proceed as follows:

1. Starting from the menu screen of material requirements planning, select Planning file entry
® Display.

The initial screen for displaying the planning file entries now appears.

2. Enter your selection criteria:

– If you want to display a particular material in the planning file, enter the material number. If you leave this field blank then the system displays all materials.

– If you specify a plant, the system displays all the materials in this plant. If you leave this field blank then the system displays all plants where material requirements planning is active along with the materials relevant to MRP. In the example, all planning file entries are to be displayed for plant 0001.

– If you want to limit your selection to certain low-level codes, enter the corresponding values in the fields Low-level code from and to. (The low-level code is stored for every material in the material master record.)

– If you select the field Additional mat. data (additional material data), the material short text and the MRP controller are also displayed.

3. Press
ENTER.

The list of all planning file entries which correspond to your selection criteria now appears.

The individual columns mean the following:

– The record type of the planning file entry is given in column RT. MRP materials are automatically provided with a B and MPS materials with an M.

– In the material master record, each material is allocated one low-level code (field L.Lvl Code) which is determined by the bill of material (BOM) management program. It is the lowest level at which the material appears in a BOM, which is recorded in the material master record and, therefore, also in the planning file. This level, thus represents the longest route from the end product to the material in question. In an MRP run, the materials are processed in sequence according to their low-level codes. By using this method of low-level codes, you can be certain that the total net requirements of a material is recorded during its requirements explosion.

If a material does not appear in a bill of material, the system will automatically allocate the highest level (999).

– If the Total change indicator is set for a material then it is included in net change planning. The material is automatically provided with this indicator if it has undergone a change relevant to MRP (for example, outward stock movements or a change of date in a purchase order). Once the the planning run has been carried out, the system deletes the total change indicator (and also the net change planning indicator).

– If the Net change planning indicator is set for a material then this material is included in the net change planning in the planning horizon. The system automatically sets this indicator for a material if it has undergone a change relevant to MRP within the planning horizon. Once the the planning run has been carried out, the system deletes the net change planning indicator. The total change indicator remains.

– If you set the Reset indicator then planning dates which may be available (order proposals) are not reactivated even if the dates and quantities suit the planning situation. The system always creates new order proposals.

– If you set the BOM explosion indicator, then available planned orders are taken over but the BOM is re-exploded.

4. Press
F5.

You branch into a pop-up window with statistical data on:

• how many materials were selected
• how many of the selected materials are marked for a total planning run
• how many of the selected materials are marked for a planning run in the planning horizon
• for how many materials the reset indicator is set
• for how many materials the BOM explosion indicator is set

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• Planning File: Consistency Check
• Creating Entries in the Planning File Automaticall...
• Creating Entries in the Planning File Manually
• Setting up Planning File Entries
• Creating Entries in the Planning File
• Displaying Entries in the Planning File
• Maintaining the Planning File Overview

Maintaining the Planning File Overview

The planning file basically contains all materials that may be relevant for a planning run. If a change is made which is relevant to planning, (for example, the creation of a purchase order), the material is automatically provided with a total change indicator in the planning file. If a change within the planning horizon occurs (for example, the creation of a purchase order within the planning horizon), then the material is automatically provided with another indicator, that is, the net change planning indicator.

The material is included in the next planning run and the respective indicator is deleted once the planning run is completed:

• Both the total change indicator and the net change planning indicator are deleted in regenerative planning and in net change planning.

• Only the net change planning indicator is deleted in net change planning in the planning horizon.

Prerequisites for successful entries in the planning file include the following two points:

• material requirements planning must be activated for the corresponding plant

• the materials must have a valid MRP type

Displaying Entries in the Planning File

Creating Entries in the Planning File

Planning File: Consistency Check

• 
  
• Planning File: Consistency Check
• Creating Entries in the Planning File Automaticall...
• Creating Entries in the Planning File Manually
• Setting up Planning File Entries
• Creating Entries in the Planning File
• Displaying Entries in the Planning File
• Maintaining the Planning File Overview